Cyprus is an independent island nation situated in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. It is the third-largest island in the Mediterranean by area and population, following Sicily and Sardinia, with a total area of 9,251 km². The island is geographically positioned at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa, making it a strategic location historically and culturally.
Cyprus is surrounded by several countries: Greece lies to the west, Turkey to the north, Lebanon and Syria to the east, and Israel and Egypt to the south. While geographically part of the Middle East, Cyprus is politically and culturally aligned with Europe and is a full member of the European Union.
Why Cyprus Is a Popular Destination
Cyprus is one of the top travel destinations in the Mediterranean, thanks to its scenic beauty, historic significance, and mild climate. Tourists can enjoy everything from ancient castles and traditional villages to blue-flag beaches and monasteries. Whether you're interested in archaeology, religion, nature, or culture, Cyprus offers a variety of attractions for every traveler.
A Brief History of Cyprus
Due to its strategic location, Cyprus has been influenced by many civilizations including the Mycenaeans, Phoenicians, Egyptians, Assyrians, Persians, Romans, Byzantines, Ottomans, and the British. The island was part of the British Empire until 1960, when it gained independence and became the Republic of Cyprus.
Division of the Island
Before 1974, Cyprus had a population composed of approximately 82% Greek Cypriots and 18% Turkish Cypriots, with smaller Maronite, Armenian, and Latin communities. However, the island experienced intercommunal conflict and, following a military intervention by Turkey in 1974, was effectively split into two zones.
Today, the internationally recognized Republic of Cyprus governs the southern 58% of the island, while the northern 37% is under the control of the self-declared "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus", recognized only by Turkey. A United Nations buffer zone — known as the Green Line — separates the two sides. The remaining land is occupied by British Sovereign Base Areas in Akrotiri and Dhekelia, covering about 2.74% of the island.
Major Cities of Cyprus
The southern part of Cyprus is home to major cities such as:
Meanwhile, Kyrenia, Morphou, and the rest of Famagusta lie within the northern occupied zone.
